Science is about more than just memorizing equations and using formula sheets. It’s a way of exploring and discovering things about the world around us. It can be learned by anyone, anywhere – and it can teach you a lot about style.

Over the next few months, I’m going to be explaining how science can apply to your wardrobe and showing you the places in which fashion and science intersect. (It’s more places than you think!)

Last time, we talked about using optical illusions in fashion. Today, I’ll be explaining the science of heat transfer, and the most up-to-date tips about how specifically to dress warmly when the weather is very cold – a topic very near and dear to my heart in the icy winds of upstate New York.

While we’ve talked about outfits for below-freezing temperatures before (check that out for specific ideas), today we’re going to cover why your body gets cold and exactly how to dress strategically to keep it warm.

Table of Contents

What is the difference between a base layer and thermals?

A base layer is the first thing that comes into contact with your skin, and acts as a ‘second skin’ for both heat retention or cooling. Thermals are special pieces of clothing that are often designed to be base layers — they are typically tight fitting and made of moisture-wicking fabric for comfort and insulation.

What is the best base layer for extreme cold?

The best kind of base layer is merino wool. It’s great for almost any type of weather and can quickly wick away moisture while being naturally odor-resistant, making it perfect to wear under your clothes on the chilliest days.